Introduction
Minoxidil, also known as long pressure idine, Minoxidil, molecular formula and relative molecular weight C9H15N5O = 209.25, is white or white crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water or chloroform, slightly soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone, soluble in acetic acid. It can directly act on blood vessel wall, dilate arterioles, reduce peripheral resistance, reduce blood pressure, and increase heart rate and cardiac output. However, its antihypertensive effect is more significant and lasting than hydrazine.
Pharmacological effect
Minoxidil dilates the arterioles directly, thereby reducing blood pressure, but the exact mechanism is unknown. This product does not dilate venules. Reduced peripheral vascular resistance leads to rapid reflex heart rate and increased cardiac output. Renin activity increases after hypotension, resulting in water and sodium retention. This product does not interfere with vascular motor Chemicalbook reflex, so orthostatic hypotension does not occur. Minoxidil is a commonly used and effective drug for the treatment of hair loss, but its pharmacological effects and target cells are not very clear. In recent years, studies have shown that Minoxidil may promote hair growth through the following ways.
An oral drug used clinically to lower blood pressure
Minoxidil is a kind of oral medicine used for lowering blood pressure in clinic, also known as Changbaridine, piperazine enediamine, hypotenidine and Minlohemoidine. It belongs to potassium channel opening agent, which can directly relax vascular smooth muscle and has a powerful small artery dilatation effect, reducing peripheral resistance, vascular dilatation and blood pressure, but has no effect on volume vessels, so it can promote venous return. At the same time, cardiac output and heart rate can be increased due to reflex regulation and positive frequency effect, but does not cause postural hypotension. Clinically used in the treatment of refractory hypertension and renal hypertension. It can also be used for severe hypertension with poor response to other antihypertensive drugs, but it needs to be combined with diuretics to avoid water and sodium retention. When combined with β-blocking drugs, its efficacy can be increased and adverse reactions reduced. One side effect of long-term use of Minoxidil and Chemicalbook is that body hair may increase slightly with continued use of the drug, such as arm hair. But generally within acceptable limits. The main adverse effects of oral administration include weight gain and lower limb edema caused by water and sodium retention, palpitation and arrhythmia caused by reflex sympathetic nerve excitation, and hirsuism. The main adverse reactions of topical preparations were skin irritation, erythema, pruritus and other dermatitis reactions. Although the amount of absorption in the topical preparation is very small, it cannot be ruled out that it may have an effect on the condition of patients with a history of heart disease. Patients with cerebrovascular disease, heart failure not caused by hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, pericardial effusion, renal dysfunction and other diseases must be carefully used, minoxidil allergy and pheochromocytoma patients should be contraindicated
Post time: Jan-06-2023